Published February 2020 | 375 pages | 107 tables, 168 figures
Published February 2020 | 375 pages | 107 tables, 168 figures The global nanocellulose market has accelerated over the last few years as producers in Japan and to a lesser extent North America and Europe bring products to market. The development of these remarkable materials has compelled major paper and pulp producers to gravitate their traditonal business towards advanced biorefineries, which have met with initial success and resulted in production capacity increases.
These bio-based materials are abundant, renewable and inexpensive but are extremely strong, durable, and lightweight, non-toxic and are lower cost than other advanced materials and nanomaterials. Used as a materials additive and in composites, nanocellulose will help to drive the global move away from oil-based plastics and products to sustainable, bio-based alternatives.
Nanocellulose (NC) can be derived from a multitude of abundant cellulosic biomass sources such as wood pulp, agricultural crops, organic waste, as well as from bacteria. Properties including high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio make it attractive to a wide range of markets, from medical to construction to aerospace. As nanocellulose originates from renewable matter, its potential to replace petroleum-derived materials in films, coatings, composites, and packaging are particularly interesting in the wake of current political and societal movements towards reduction of plastic consumption.
Three types of NC are commercially available: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). In addition to being produced in different ways, these three types also vary in their physico-chemical properties, from size to crystallinity. Most commercially produced NC is CNF, which is produced on a large scale in Japan and on the pilot scale
Most of the NC being developed for commercial purposes is in the form of CNF. Currently, many NC-based applications are at an early stages, with some applications already commercially available, mainly in Japan.
Future Markets, Inc., publisher of the first ever market report on Nanocellulose in 2011, presents The Nanocellulose Report 2020, the most comprehensive and up-to date report on nanocellulose currently available, by the world's leading market authority on nanocellulose. Profiling over 90 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by nanocellulose.
Purchasers of The Nanocellulose Report 2020 will receive updates for 12 months (access to online file repository). A must-have for anyone interested in the business and investment opportunities in nanocellulose, The Nanocellulose Report 2020 contains:
- Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of nanocellulose, by market, and application.
- Tabular data on current nanocellulose products.
- Market assessment by nanocellulose type: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC).
- Assessment of nanocellulose by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanocellulose, technology drawbacks, competing materials, estimated consumption of nanocellulose to 2030 and main OEMs in each market with potential interest in nanocellulose for product integration.
- Graphical depictions of nanocellulose applications by market.
- In depth-assessment of nanocellulose producer and distributor pricing in 2020.
- Global market for nanocellulose in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2030.
- In-depth profiles of nanocellulose producers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Granbio, Asahi Kasei, Cellucomp, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper, Daio Paper, DKS, Fiberlean, Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd. Innventia AB, KRI, Inc., Melodea, Nippon Paper, Oji and many more.
- 85 cellulose nanofiber company profiles
- 14 cellulose nanocrystal company profiles
- 7 bacterial nanocellulose company profiles
- Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Why nanocellulose?........................................................................................................................... 25
1.2 The market in 2019............................................................................................................................ 27
1.3 Future global market outlook............................................................................................................. 31
1.4 Global nanocellulose production....................................................................................................... 32
1.4.1 Total global production capacity 2019, by type........................................................................ 33
1.4.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2019, by producer.................................... 33
1.4.3 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2019................................................... 34
1.4.4 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2019...................................................... 35
1.5 Global nanocellulose market demand, 2018–2030, tons.................................................................. 36
1.6 Market challenges for nanocellulose................................................................................................. 41
1.7 Nanocellulose commercial products.................................................................................................. 42
1.8 Nanocellulose market by region........................................................................................................ 46
1.8.1 Japan........................................................................................................................................ 47
1.8.2 China......................................................................................................................................... 48
1.8.3 Malaysia.................................................................................................................................... 49
1.8.4 Western Europe........................................................................................................................ 49
1.8.5 North America........................................................................................................................... 50
1.9 Global government funding............................................................................................................... 51
2 OVERVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE................................................. 52
2.1 Cellulose............................................................................................................................................ 52
2.2 Nanocellulose.................................................................................................................................... 53
2.3 Properties of nanocellulose............................................................................................................... 53
2.4 Advantages of nanocellulose............................................................................................................. 55
2.5 Manufacture of nanocellulose............................................................................................................ 55
2.6 Production methods........................................................................................................................... 56
2.7 Types of nanocellulose...................................................................................................................... 56
2.7.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)................................................................................................ 59
2.7.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF)...................................................................................................... 60
2.7.2.1 Applications..................................................................................................................... 61
2.7.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).................................................................................................. 61
2.7.3.1 Synthesis......................................................................................................................... 62
2.7.3.2 Properties........................................................................................................................ 64
2.7.3.3 Applications..................................................................................................................... 65
2.7.4 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)................................................................................................. 67
2.7.4.1 Applications..................................................................................................................... 67
2.8 Synthesis........................................................................................................................................... 68
3 APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS............................................................. 71
4 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS................................................. 74
5 NANOCELLULOSE SUPPLY CHAIN............................................... 78
6 NANOCELLULOSE PRICING........................................................... 81
6.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)................................................................................................................. 81
6.2 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)........................................................................................................... 82
6.3 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BC)............................................................................................................. 83
7 NANOCELLULOSE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS..................... 84
8 NANOCELLULOSE IN COMPOSITES............................................. 89
8.1 Market overview................................................................................................................................. 89
8.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................... 90
8.3 Market assessment............................................................................................................................ 91
8.4 Applications map............................................................................................................................... 95
8.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030...................................................................... 96
8.6 Product developer profiles................................................................................................................. 97
9 NANOCELLULOSE IN AUTOMOTIVE............................................. 99
9.1 Market overview................................................................................................................................. 99
9.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................. 100
9.3 Market assessment.......................................................................................................................... 100
9.4 Applications map............................................................................................................................. 103
9.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030.................................................................... 103
9.6 Product developer profiles............................................................................................................... 105
10 NANOCELLULOSE IN CONSTRUCTION...................................... 109
10.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 109
10.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 109
10.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 110
10.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 113
10.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 114
10.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 115
11 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING......... 116
11.1 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 116
11.2 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 117
11.3 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 122
11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 123
11.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 124
12 NANOCELLULOSE TEXTILES AND APPAREL............................ 126
12.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 126
12.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 126
12.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 127
12.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 131
12.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 131
12.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 133
13 NANOCELLULOSE IN MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE............... 134
13.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 134
13.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 135
13.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 136
13.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 141
13.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 142
13.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 144
14 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS.......................... 146
14.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 146
14.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 146
14.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 147
14.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 150
14.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 151
14.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 152
15 NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROGELS............................................... 154
15.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 154
15.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 154
15.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 155
15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 157
15.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 158
16 NANOCELLULOSE IN OIL AND GAS............................................ 159
16.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 159
16.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 159
16.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 160
16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 162
16.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 163
17 NANOCELLULOSE IN FILTRATION.............................................. 165
17.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 165
17.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 166
17.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 167
17.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 170
17.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 171
17.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 172
18 NANOCELLULOSE IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS FOR COSMETICS, PHARMA AND FOOD ADDITIVES...................................................... 173
18.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 173
18.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 174
18.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 174
18.4 Applications map......................................................................................................................... 176
18.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 177
18.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 178
19 OTHER MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE................................ 180
19.1 PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS.................................................. 180
19.1.1 Market assessment................................................................................................................ 180
19.1.2 Product developer profiles...................................................................................................... 183
19.2 NANOCELLULOSE IN 3D PRINTING............................................. 186
19.2.1 Market assessment................................................................................................................ 186
19.2.2 Product developer profiles...................................................................................................... 188
19.3 NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROSPACE............................................. 189
19.3.1 Market assessment................................................................................................................ 189
19.3.2 Product developer profiles...................................................................................................... 190
20 NANOCELLULOSE PRODUCER ANALYSIS................................ 191
20.1 Types of nanocellulose produced, by producer.......................................................................... 191
20.2 Target markets, by nanocellulose producer............................................................................... 193
21 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES....................... 197
22 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCER ANALYSIS... 317
23 BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC) COMPANY PROFILES............... 345
24 NANOCELLULOSE RESEARCH GROUPS AND CENTRES......... 350
25 REFERENCES................................................................................ 367
Tables
Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications........... 26
Table 2. Markets and applications for nanocellulose...................................................................................... 27
Table 3. Classification of nanocellulose applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption........................................................................................................................... 31
Table 4: Global demand for nanocellulose in 2019, tons................................................................................ 32
Table 5: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018................................ 33
Table 6. CNF production capacities and production process, by producer.................................................... 34
Table 7: MFC production capacities and production process, by producer................................................... 34
Table 8: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer......................... 35
Table 9: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total...................... 36
Table 10: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030............................................ 37
Table 11: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030.................................................. 39
Table 12: Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose.......................................................................... 41
Table 13: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2019, tons (total excludes MFC)................................ 46
Table 14. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Japan........................................................... 47
Table 15. Nanocellulose research centres, universities and companies in China......................................... 48
Table 16. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Europe......................................................... 49
Table 17. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in North America............................................. 50
Table 18: Properties and applications of nanocellulose................................................................................. 54
Table 19. Properties of nanocellulose, by type............................................................................................... 54
Table 20: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials............................. 56
Table 21. Types of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 56
Table 22: Types of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 59
Table 23: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)..................................................................................... 61
Table 24. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)..................................................................... 62
Table 25: CNC sources, size and yield........................................................................................................... 64
Table 26: CNC properties................................................................................................................................ 64
Table 27. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials................................................. 65
Table 28: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)............................................................................. 66
Table 29: Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)................................................................................ 67
Table 30: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application................................................. 71
Table 31: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose......................................................................................... 75
Table 32: Global nanocellulose market supply chain analysis....................................................................... 78
Table 33: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers................................................. 81
Table 34: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanocrystal producers.............................................. 82
Table 35. Product/price/application matrix of bacterial cellulose (CC) producers.......................................... 83
Table 36: Nanocellulose patents and scientific articles by organisation........................................................ 86
Table 37: Main patent assignees for CNC...................................................................................................... 87
Table 38: Main patent assignees for CNF....................................................................................................... 87
Table 39: Main patent assignees for NCC...................................................................................................... 87
Table 40. Market overview for nanocellulose in composites.......................................................................... 89
Table 41. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials........................................... 89
Table 42. Scorecard for nanocellulose in composites.................................................................................... 90
Table 43. Market assessment for nanocellulose in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs.......................................................................................................................... 91
Table 44: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons).................................. 96
Table 45: Companies developing nanocellulose composites......................................................................... 97
Table 46. Market overview for nanocellulose in automotive........................................................................... 99
Table 47. Scorecard for nanocellulose in automotive................................................................................... 100
Table 48. Market assessment for nanocellulose in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs......................................................................................................................... 100
Table 49: Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2030 (tons)................. 103
Table 50: Companies developing nanocellulose products in the automotive industry................................. 105
Table 51. Market overview for nanocellulose in construction....................................................................... 109
Table 52. Scorecard for nanocellulose in construction................................................................................. 109
Table 53. Comparison of CNC with steel and other materials...................................................................... 110
Table 54. Market assessment for nanocellulose in construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs....................................................................................................................... 111
Table 55: Market demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons).......................................... 114
Table 56: Companies developing nanocellulose in construction.................................................................. 115
Table 57. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers..................................................................................... 116
Table 58. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging........................................................ 116
Table 59. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs....................................................................... 117
Table 60: Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)...................... 123
Table 61: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board............................................ 124
Table 62. Market overview for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel........................................................... 126
Table 63. Scorecard for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel..................................................................... 126
Table 64. Market assessment for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs.................................................................................... 127
Table 65: Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................................. 131
Table 66: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles and apparel....................................... 133
Table 67. Market overview for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare................................................... 134
Table 68. Scorecard for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare............................................................. 135
Table 69. Market assessment for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs............................................................................ 136
Table 70: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)......................... 142
Table 71: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2030 (tons)........................ 143
Table 72: Nanocellulose product developers in medicine and healthcare................................................... 144
Table 73. Market overview for nanocellulose in paints and coatings........................................................... 146
Table 74. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paints and coatings..................................................................... 146
Table 75. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs.................................................................................... 147
Table 76: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)................................. 151
Table 77: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization..................................................................................................................... 152
Table 78. Market overview for nanocellulose in aerogels............................................................................. 154
Table 79. Scorecard for nanocellulose in aerogels....................................................................................... 154
Table 80. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs...................................................................................................... 155
Table 81: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation, 2018-2030 (tons)......................... 157
Table 82: Nanocellulose product developers in aerogels and insulation..................................................... 158
Table 83. Market overview for nanocellulose in oil and gas......................................................................... 159
Table 84. Scorecard for nanocellulose in oil and gas................................................................................... 159
Table 85. Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs......................................................................................................................... 160
Table 86: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)........................... 162
Table 87: Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration...................................................... 163
Table 88. CNF membranes........................................................................................................................... 165
Table 89. Market overview for nanocellulose in filtration.............................................................................. 166
Table 90. Scorecard for nanocellulose in filtration........................................................................................ 166
Table 91. Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs......................................................................................................................................... 167
Table 92: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)................................ 171
Table 93: Companies developing nanocellulose products in filtration.......................................................... 172
Table 94. Market overview for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers............................................................. 173
Table 95. Scorecard for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers....................................................................... 174
Table 96. Market assessment for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs............................................................................................................... 174
Table 97: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)............... 177
Table 98: Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers............................................................. 178
Table 99. Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)........................................ 180
Table 100. Market assessment for nanocellulose in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs................ 181
Table 101: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics............................................................................................................................................... 183
Table 102. Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs......................................................................................................................... 186
Table 103: Companies developing nanocellulose 3D printing products....................................................... 188
Table 104. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerospace OEMs.......................................................................................................................... 189
Table 105: Companies developing nanocellulose products in aircraft and aerospace................................ 190
Table 106: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced................................................ 191
Table 107: Target markets, by nanocellulose producer................................................................................ 193
Table 108: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.............................................................................................. 198
Table 109: Oji Holdings CNF products.......................................................................................................... 274
Table 110: CNC producers and production capacities................................................................................. 317
Table 111: Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer...................................................................... 318
Table 112. Fibnano properties....................................................................................................................... 348
Figures
Figure 1: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2019............................... 33
Figure 2: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total.................... 37
Figure 3: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030............................................. 38
Figure 4: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030.................................................. 40
Figure 5: Nanocellulose-based commercial products..................................................................................... 42
Figure 6. Dorayaki........................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 7. ENASAVE NEXT............................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 8. GEL-KAYANO™.............................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 9. Kirekira! toilet wipes......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 10. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet................................................................................ 44
Figure 11. SC-3 (B) speakers.......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 12. SE-MONITOR5 headphones......................................................................................................... 45
Figure 13. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers............................................................................................ 45
Figure 14. "SURISURI" Lotion......................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 15: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2019.......................................................................... 46
Figure 16: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit.................................................................................. 52
Figure 17: Scale of cellulose materials............................................................................................................ 53
Figure 18: Types of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 19: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses................................................................ 58
Figure 20: CNF gel.......................................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 21. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals............................................................................................ 62
Figure 22. CNC preparation............................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 23: Extracting CNC from trees............................................................................................................. 64
Figure 24: CNC slurry...................................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 25. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials........................................................ 68
Figure 26. Various preparation methods for nanocellulose............................................................................ 71
Figure 27: (a) Number of research publications on the different nomenclatures of nanocellulosic materials per year during the last decade. (b) Cumulative number of research article number published per nomenclature............................................................................................................................................ 84
Figure 28. Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 2009-2018........................................................ 85
Figure 29: Nanocellulose patents by field of application................................................................................ 85
Figure 30. Applications of nanocellulose in composites................................................................................. 95
Figure 31: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons)................................. 97
Figure 32. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid)................................................................................................ 97
Figure 33: CNF resin products........................................................................................................................ 98
Figure 34. Interior of NCV concept car............................................................................................................ 99
Figure 35. Applications of nanocellulose in automotive................................................................................ 103
Figure 36: Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2030 (tons)........................... 104
Figure 37: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car................................... 105
Figure 38: CNF composite............................................................................................................................. 106
Figure 39: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins....................................................................... 106
Figure 40. The structure of the CNF-based front hood................................................................................. 107
Figure 41. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project............................................................................................................................. 107
Figure 42. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.................................................................................................................................................................. 110
Figure 43. Applications of nanocellulose in construction.............................................................................. 113
Figure 44: Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................................... 114
Figure 45. Applications of nanocellulose in paper and board packaging..................................................... 123
Figure 46: Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)............... 124
Figure 47. Applications of nanocellulose in textiles and apparel.................................................................. 131
Figure 48: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................................... 132
Figure 49: CNF deodorant products.............................................................................................................. 133
Figure 50. Applications of nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare.......................................................... 141
Figure 51: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)........................ 142
Figure 52: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2030 (tons)........................ 143
Figure 53. Fibnano......................................................................................................................................... 145
Figure 54. Applications of nanocellulose in paints and coatings.................................................................. 150
Figure 55: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)................................ 151
Figure 56. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.................... 153
Figure 57: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation, 2018-2030 (tons)........................ 158
Figure 58: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons).......................... 163
Figure 59. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery................ 164
Figure 60. Applications of nanocellulose in filtration..................................................................................... 170
Figure 61: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons).............................. 171
Figure 62. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw........................................................................................ 172
Figure 63. Applications of nanocellulose in rheology modifers..................................................................... 176
Figure 64: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)............. 177
Figure 65. "SURISURI" products................................................................................................................... 179
Figure 66: Foldable nanopaper antenna....................................................................................................... 181
Figure 67: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF............................................................................. 184
Figure 68. Oji CNF transparent sheets.......................................................................................................... 184
Figure 69. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials......................................................... 185
Figure 70. American Process, Inc. CNF production process........................................................................ 199
Figure 71: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel............................................................................................ 202
Figure 72. MEDICELLU™............................................................................................................................. 202
Figure 73: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.......................................................................................... 204
Figure 74: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet...................................................................................................... 204
Figure 75: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.................................................. 205
Figure 76: CNF nonwoven fabric................................................................................................................... 206
Figure 77. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process........................................................................... 210
Figure 78. nanoforest products...................................................................................................................... 216
Figure 79. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process......................................................................... 217
Figure 80. nanoforest-S................................................................................................................................. 218
Figure 81. nanoforest-PDP............................................................................................................................ 218
Figure 82. nanoforest-MB.............................................................................................................................. 218
Figure 83. Daicel Corporation CNF production process............................................................................... 220
Figure 84. Celish............................................................................................................................................ 221
Figure 85: Trunk lid incorporating CNF......................................................................................................... 222
Figure 86. Daio Paper CNF production process........................................................................................... 223
Figure 87. ELLEX products........................................................................................................................... 224
Figure 88. CNF-reinforced PP compounds................................................................................................... 224
Figure 89. Kirekira! toilet wipes..................................................................................................................... 225
Figure 90. Color CNF..................................................................................................................................... 226
Figure 91. DIC Products CNF production process........................................................................................ 228
Figure 92. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process........................................................................................ 230
Figure 93: Rheocrysta spray......................................................................................................................... 230
Figure 94. DKS CNF products....................................................................................................................... 231
Figure 95: CNF based on citrus peel............................................................................................................. 232
Figure 96. Imerys CNF production process.................................................................................................. 234
Figure 97. Filler Bank CNC products............................................................................................................. 235
Figure 98: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).................................................... 237
Figure 99: CNF products from Furukawa Electric......................................................................................... 238
Figure 100: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.................................................................................................................................................. 239
Figure 101. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).................................. 240
Figure 102: CNF gel...................................................................................................................................... 241
Figure 103: Block nanocellulose material..................................................................................................... 242
Figure 104: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu...................................................................................... 242
Figure 105. Innventia CNF production process............................................................................................. 244
Figure 106: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant...................................................................... 245
Figure 107. Kami Shoji CNF products........................................................................................................... 248
Figure 108: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins..................................................................... 249
Figure 109: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side)... 250
Figure 110. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process................................................................... 251
Figure 111. CNF deodorant........................................................................................................................... 253
Figure 112. Chitin nanofiber product............................................................................................................. 254
Figure 113. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.......................................................................... 255
Figure 114. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder........................................................................................... 256
Figure 115. Cellulomix production process................................................................................................... 257
Figure 116. Nanobase versus conventional products................................................................................... 258
Figure 117. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307............................................................................................................ 258
Figure 118: CNF slurries............................................................................................................................... 259
Figure 119. Range of CNF products............................................................................................................. 260
Figure 120: Nanocell serum product............................................................................................................. 261
Figure 121: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp..................................................................................... 262
Figure 122: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic................................................................................ 262
Figure 123. Nippon Paper CNF production process..................................................................................... 264
Figure 124: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers...................................................................................... 266
Figure 125. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF........................................................................................... 267
Figure 126. CNF paint product...................................................................................................................... 268
Figure 127: CNF wet powder......................................................................................................................... 270
Figure 128: CNF transparent film.................................................................................................................. 270
Figure 129: Transparent CNF sheets............................................................................................................ 271
Figure 130. Oji Paper CNF production process............................................................................................ 272
Figure 131: CNF clear sheets........................................................................................................................ 274
Figure 132: Fluorene cellulose ® powder..................................................................................................... 276
Figure 133. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process................................................................. 277
Figure 134: XCNF.......................................................................................................................................... 279
Figure 135: CNF insulation flat plates........................................................................................................... 281
Figure 136. Seiko PMC CNF production process......................................................................................... 284
Figure 137: Rubber soles incorporating CNF................................................................................................ 286
Figure 138. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite.................................................................................. 287
Figure 139. Stora Enso CNF production process......................................................................................... 288
Figure 140. Sugino Machine CNF production process................................................................................. 290
Figure 141: High Pressure Water Jet Process.............................................................................................. 290
Figure 142: 2 wt.％ CNF suspension............................................................................................................ 291
Figure 143. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.................................................................................................................... 291
Figure 144. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet......................................................... 292
Figure 145: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material...................................................................... 292
Figure 146: SVILOSA AD CNC products...................................................................................................... 294
Figure 147: Silver / CNF composite dispersions........................................................................................... 298
Figure 148: CNF/nanosilver powder.............................................................................................................. 298
Figure 149: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.................................................................... 299
Figure 150: CNF resin products.................................................................................................................... 301
Figure 151. University of Maine CNF production process............................................................................ 303
Figure 152. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.................................................................................. 305
Figure 153. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process............................................ 307
Figure 154: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF........................................................................... 308
Figure 155. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches................................................................................... 310
Figure 156. VTT CNF production process.................................................................................................... 311
Figure 157: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test................. 312
Figure 158: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film.............................. 313
Figure 159. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.................................................................... 315
Figure 160. American Process, Inc. CNF production process...................................................................... 322
Figure 161: R3TM process technology......................................................................................................... 324
Figure 162: Blue Goose CNC Production Process....................................................................................... 325
Figure 163: NCCTM Process........................................................................................................................ 327
Figure 164: Celluforce production process................................................................................................... 328
Figure 165: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:......................................................... 329
Figure 166: Plantrose process....................................................................................................................... 334
Figure 167. University of Maine CNF production process............................................................................ 339
Figure 168. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process............................................ 341
Figure 169. CNC solution.............................................................................................................................. 342
Figure 170: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet........................................................................................... 347
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