- Published: July 2025
- Pages: 500
- Tables: 127
- Figures: 39
Graphene represents one of the most promising material science investment opportunities of the 21st century, combining revolutionary properties with rapidly expanding commercial applications. This "wonder material," consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, offers extraordinary electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal properties that are driving significant investor interest across multiple sectors.
The graphene market has matured significantly from purely research-focused activities to commercial-scale production and deployment. Leading companies have achieved significant production capacities, while new entrants are scaling rapidly to meet growing demand. This transition from laboratory to industrial scale represents a critical inflection point, with energy storage and electronics industry applications driving the majority of revenue growth.
Key applications experiencing rapid commercialization include next-generation battery technologies where graphene enhances energy density and charging speeds, advanced composites for lightweight automotive and aerospace components, and high-performance coatings providing superior thermal management and anti-corrosion properties. The convergence of technological maturity and market readiness has created optimal conditions for substantial investment returns.
The graphene sector has witnessed significant funding activity throughout 2024 and early 2025, demonstrating strong investor confidence in commercial viability. Elemental Advanced Materials secured a substantial $20 million funding round led by climate technology investment firm Taranis, enabling the company to scale its patented single-step manufacturing process that converts hydrocarbon waste into high-performance graphene and clean hydrogen. Black Swan Graphene completed a C$6 million equity financing in February 2025, positioning the company to fund capacity expansion and global commercialization plans. LayerLogic, a Swedish deeptech start-up spun out of Chalmers University of Technology, raised €470,000 in pre-seed funding led by Scientifica Venture Capital in June 2025. First Graphene completed an AU$2.4 million private placement in February 2025 to accelerate its global commercial pipeline, following successful patent approvals for its Kainos technology in Australia and South Korea. In June 2024, Black Semiconductor secured €254m in funding to ramp up graphene chip production. in October 2024, INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, a Spanish brain-computer interface therapeutics (BCI-Tx) startup developing graphene-based neural technologies, raised $50 million in Series B funding. CamGraPhIC, a University of Cambridge spin-out company developing graphene photonics transceivers, a technology that could improve energy efficiency, reduce latency, and increase bandwidth for artificial intelligence (AI) and cellular data transmission raised €25 million in new funding in March 2025.
The combination of substantial funding rounds, commercial contract awards, production scaling, and strong financial performance across multiple graphene companies validates the sector's transition from experimental technology to commercial reality. With government support continuing through programs like Australia's battery technology grants and private investment exceeding $50 million in disclosed 2024-2025 funding rounds, the graphene market presents compelling opportunities for investors seeking exposure to transformational materials technology.
The sector's maturation is evidenced by the diversity of applications achieving commercial traction, from infrastructure heating systems and ballistic protection to food safety biosensors and energy storage solutions. For institutional investors and venture capital firms, graphene companies with proven production capabilities, established customer relationships, and protected intellectual property represent high-growth opportunities in a market experiencing accelerating adoption across multiple high-value sectors.
The Graphene Investment Opportunity Report 2025 delivers essential intelligence for investors, venture capitalists, and strategic decision-makers seeking exposure to one of the most transformative materials of the 21st century. This comprehensive 500-page report provides detailed market analysis, investment opportunities, and company profiles across the rapidly expanding graphene ecosystem, covering 14 distinct application sectors and profiling over 375 companies worldwide.
Graphene represents a multi-billion dollar investment opportunity spanning energy storage, electronics, composites, healthcare, and advanced manufacturing. Our report analyzes global graphene production forecasts through 2035, pricing dynamics, funding trends, and commercial applications driving market adoption. With detailed technology readiness level (TRL) assessments and market roadmaps, investors gain critical insights into timing, risk assessment, and growth potential across graphene market segments. Report contents include:
- Global production forecasts by graphene type (2018-2035) - Conservative and aggressive growth scenarios for pristine graphene, graphene oxide, nanoplatelets, and specialized variants
- End-user market demand analysis - Comprehensive breakdown of consumption across 14 application sectors with volume projections through 2036
- Investment landscape overview - Government funding initiatives, venture capital trends, and publicly traded companies in the graphene space
- Pricing intelligence - Current market prices for all graphene types with cost structure analysis and production economics
- Commercial partnerships database - Strategic alliances, licensing agreements, and joint ventures shaping industry development
- Technology & Application Analysis
- 11 distinct graphene variants profiled - From graphene oxide and nanoplatelets to quantum dots and 3D foams, including technical specifications and use cases
- 14 comprehensive market sectors analyzed - Energy storage, composites, electronics, optoelectronics, filtration, 3D printing, construction, biomedical, coatings, adhesives, thermal management, EMI shielding, textiles, and rubber applications
- Technology readiness assessments - TRL rankings for each application with commercialization timelines and development roadmaps
- Competitive landscape mapping - Technical advantages, market positioning, and competitive dynamics for each sector
- Market Sector Coverage
- Energy Storage & Generation - Lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur systems, sodium-air batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and hydrogen storage applications with market size projections and key players
- Advanced Materials - Composites and plastics applications across automotive, aerospace, sports equipment, marine, and thermoplastic sectors with performance benchmarking
- Electronics & Optoelectronics - Transistors, flexible electronics, memory devices, conductive inks, photodetectors, transparent conductive films, biosensors, gas sensors, and optical communications
- Industrial Applications - Membranes and filtration, 3D printing materials, construction enhancement, coatings, adhesives, thermal management, and EMI shielding solutions
- Emerging Sectors - Life sciences and biomedical applications, textiles and wearables, rubber and synthetic materials with growth forecasts and adoption barriers
- Company Intelligence
- 375+ company profiles - Detailed analysis of graphene producers, application developers, and end-users worldwide
- Production capacity data - Current and planned manufacturing capabilities by company and region
- Funding history - Venture capital rounds, government grants, and strategic investments for publicly and privately held companies
- Strategic partnerships - Commercial agreements, research collaborations, and supply chain relationships
- Financial performance - Revenue, market capitalization, and growth metrics for publicly traded entities
- Strategic Decision Support
- Market opportunity quantification - Total addressable market sizing for each application sector with growth drivers and constraints
- Technology roadmaps - Development timelines, commercialization milestones, and market entry strategies
- Risk assessment frameworks - Technical, commercial, and regulatory challenges facing graphene adoption
- Investment thesis validation - Data-driven insights supporting investment decisions across the value chain
The report features comprehensive profiles of leading graphene companies worldwide including 2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd., 2D fab AB, 2D Fluidics Pty Ltd, 2-DTech Limited, 2D Materials Pte. Ltd. (2DM), 2D Layer, 2D Semiconductors, Adeka Corporation, Advanced Graphene Products z o.o., Advanced Material Development (AMD), AEH Innovative Hydrogel Limited (AEH), Aerogel Core Ltd, Agar Scientific, AirMembrane Corporation, Akkolab, AlterBiota, AMO GmbH, Amalyst, Anaphite Limited, Appear Inc., Applied Nanolayers BV, Applied Nanotech Inc., ApplyNanosolutions S.L., AR Brown Co. Ltd, Archer Materials Ltd., Argo Graphene Solutions, Arvia Technology, Asbury Carbons, Atomic Mechanics Ltd., Atrago, Australian Advanced Materials, Avadain Inc., AVANSA Technology & Services, Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., AVIC BIAM New Materials Technology Engineering Co. Ltd., Aztrong Inc., Baotailong New Materials Co. Ltd., BASF AG, Bass Metals Limited, Bee Energy, Bee Graphene, Bedimensional S.p.A, Beijing Carbon Century Technology Co. Ltd., BestGraphene, BioGraph Solutions, Biographene Inc., Bio Graphene Solutions Inc., BioGraph Sense Inc., Biolin Scientific AB, BioMed X GmbH, Blackleaf SAS, Black Semiconductor GmbH, Black Swan Graphene, Boomatech, Bright Day Graphene AB, Brain Scientific, Breton spa, BTR New Energy Materials Inc., C's Techno Inc., C2CNT LLC/Capital Power, Cabot Corporation, California Lithium Battery, Cambridge Graphene Ltd., CamGraphIC Ltd., Cambridge Raman Imaging Limited, Carborundum Universal Ltd (CUMI), Carbon-2D Graphene Inc., Carbon Gates Technologies LLC, Carbon Nano-Material Technology Co. Ltd., Carbon Research and Development Company (CRDC), Carbon Upcycling Technologies, CarbonUP, Carbon Rivers Inc., Carbon Waters, Cealtech AS, CellsX, Cerebral Energy, Ceylon Graphene Technologies Pvt Ltd, Charm Graphene Co. Ltd., China Carbon Graphite Group Inc., China Telecommunications Corporation, Chongqing Moxi Science and Technology Co. Ltd., CVD Equipment Corporation, Colloids Ltd., Comet Resources Ltd., COnovate, Concrene Limited, CRRC Corporation, Danish Graphene, Danubia NanoTech s.r.o., Das-Nano, Deyang Carbonene Technology, Directa Plus plc, DJ Nanotech Inc., Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology Co. Ltd, Dotz Nano Ltd., Dreamfly Innovations, Dycotec Materials Ltd., DZP Technologies, Earthdas, Earthasia International Holdings Ltd, Elemental Advanced Materials, Elcora Advanced Materials Corp., Emberion Oy, ENano Tec Co. Ltd., EnyGy, Evercloak Inc., Evove, Fangda Carbon New Material Co. Ltd., FGV Cambridge Nanosystems, First Graphene Ltd., FlexeGRAPH, Flextrapower, Fujian Huafeng Industry Co. Ltd., Fujitsu Laboratories, Fuyang Sineva Material Technology Co. Ltd., G6 Materials Corp., General Graphene, Gerdau Graphene, Glaren, Global Graphene Group, GoLeafe, Go-Eco, and many more, representing the complete global graphene ecosystem from materials production through end-user applications across all major geographic markets and technology development stages.
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1 INTRODUCTION 23
- 1.1 Advanced Carbon Materials 23
- 1.2 Graphene and Other 2D materials 24
- 1.3 Types of Graphene 26
- 1.3.1 Graphene Oxide (GO) 27
- 1.3.2 Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) 28
- 1.3.3 Pristine Graphene 29
- 1.3.4 CVD Graphene 30
- 1.3.5 Graphene Quantum Dots 31
- 1.3.6 Functionalized Graphene 32
- 1.3.7 Graphene Nanoribbons 33
- 1.3.8 Reduced Graphene Oxide 34
- 1.3.9 3D Graphene Foams/Sponges 35
- 1.3.10 Graphene Liquid Crystals 36
- 1.3.11 Hybrid Graphene 37
- 1.4 The Graphene Market in 2025 38
- 1.5 Global Graphene Production (Tons) 39
- 1.5.1 By Type of Graphene 39
- 1.5.2 By End User Market 42
- 1.6 Cost of Production 43
2 GRAPHENE FUNDING AND INVESTMENT 45
- 2.1 Government Funding 45
- 2.2 VC and Company Investment 46
- 2.3 Publicly Listed Graphene Companies 48
- 2.4 Commercial Partnerships and Licence Agreements 50
3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTS 56
- 3.1 Overview 56
- 3.2 Commercial Products 57
- 3.3 Commercial Production Capacities 61
4 GRAPHENE PRICING 63
- 4.1 Pristine Graphene Flakes /CVD Graphene 64
- 4.2 Few-Layer Graphene 66
- 4.3 Graphene Nanoplatelets 66
- 4.4 Graphene Oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) 67
- 4.5 Multi-Layer Graphene (MLG) 68
- 4.6 Graphene Ink 69
5 MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 70
- 5.1 Energy Storage & Energy Generation 70
- 5.1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries 70
- 5.1.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 70
- 5.1.1.2 Applications and TRL 71
- 5.1.1.3 Roadmap 72
- 5.1.1.4 Market Opportunities 74
- 5.1.1.5 Market Players 75
- 5.1.2 Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 76
- 5.1.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 76
- 5.1.2.2 Applications and TRL 77
- 5.1.2.3 Roadmap 78
- 5.1.2.4 Market Opportunities 79
- 5.1.2.5 Market Players 81
- 5.1.3 Sodium-Air Batteries 81
- 5.1.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 82
- 5.1.3.2 Applications and TRL 83
- 5.1.3.3 Roadmap 84
- 5.1.3.4 Market Opportunities 85
- 5.1.3.5 Market Players 86
- 5.1.4 Supercapacitors 87
- 5.1.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 87
- 5.1.4.2 Applications and TRL 88
- 5.1.4.3 Roadmap 90
- 5.1.4.4 Market Opportunities 91
- 5.1.4.5 Market Players 92
- 5.1.5 Fuel Cells 93
- 5.1.5.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 93
- 5.1.5.2 Applications and TRL 94
- 5.1.5.3 Roadmap 96
- 5.1.5.4 Market Opportunities 97
- 5.1.5.5 Market Players 98
- 5.1.6 Solar Cells 99
- 5.1.6.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 99
- 5.1.6.2 Applications and TRL 100
- 5.1.6.3 Roadmap 102
- 5.1.6.4 Market Opportunities 103
- 5.1.6.5 Market Players 104
- 5.1.7 Hydrogen Storage 105
- 5.1.7.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 105
- 5.1.7.2 Applications and TRL 106
- 5.1.7.3 Roadmap 108
- 5.1.7.4 Market Opportunities 109
- 5.1.7.5 Market Players 110
- 5.1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries 70
- 5.2 Composites & Plastics 111
- 5.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 111
- 5.2.2 Applications and TRL 112
- 5.2.2.1 Automotive Composites 112
- 5.2.2.2 Aerospace Composites 112
- 5.2.2.3 Sports Equipment 113
- 5.2.2.4 Marine Composites 114
- 5.2.2.5 Thermoplastic Composites 115
- 5.2.2.6 Thermoset Composites 116
- 5.2.2.7 Fiber-Reinforced Plastics 117
- 5.2.2.8 Conductive Plastics 118
- 5.2.3 Roadmap 119
- 5.2.4 Market Opportunities 120
- 5.2.5 Market Players 121
- 5.3 Optoelectronics & Sensors 122
- 5.3.1 Photodetectors 122
- 5.3.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 123
- 5.3.1.2 Applications and TRL 124
- 5.3.1.3 Roadmap 125
- 5.3.1.4 Market Opportunities 126
- 5.3.1.5 Market Players 127
- 5.3.2 Transparent Conductive Films 129
- 5.3.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 129
- 5.3.2.2 Applications and TRL 130
- 5.3.2.3 Roadmap 131
- 5.3.2.4 Market Opportunities 132
- 5.3.2.5 Market Players 134
- 5.3.3 Biosensors 135
- 5.3.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 135
- 5.3.3.2 Applications and TRL 136
- 5.3.3.3 Roadmap 138
- 5.3.3.4 Market Opportunities 139
- 5.3.3.5 Market Players 140
- 5.3.4 Gas Sensors 140
- 5.3.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 140
- 5.3.4.2 Applications and TRL 141
- 5.3.4.3 Roadmap 143
- 5.3.4.4 Market Opportunities 144
- 5.3.4.5 Market Players 145
- 5.3.5 Optical Communications 146
- 5.3.5.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 146
- 5.3.5.2 Applications and TRL 147
- 5.3.5.3 Roadmap 149
- 5.3.5.4 Market Opportunities 150
- 5.3.5.5 Market Players 151
- 5.3.1 Photodetectors 122
- 5.4 Electronics 152
- 5.4.1 Transistors and Semiconductors 152
- 5.4.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 152
- 5.4.1.2 Applications and TRL 153
- 5.4.1.3 Roadmap 155
- 5.4.1.4 Market Opportunities 156
- 5.4.1.5 Market Players 157
- 5.4.2 Flexible Electronics 157
- 5.4.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 157
- 5.4.2.2 Applications and TRL 159
- 5.4.2.3 Roadmap 160
- 5.4.2.4 Market Opportunities 161
- 5.4.2.5 Market Players 162
- 5.4.3 Memory Devices 163
- 5.4.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 163
- 5.4.3.2 Applications and TRL 164
- 5.4.3.3 Roadmap 165
- 5.4.3.4 Market Opportunities 166
- 5.4.3.5 Market Players 168
- 5.4.4 Conductive Inks 168
- 5.4.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 168
- 5.4.4.2 Applications and TRL 169
- 5.4.4.3 Roadmap 171
- 5.4.4.4 Market Opportunities 172
- 5.4.4.5 Market Players 173
- 5.4.1 Transistors and Semiconductors 152
- 5.5 Membranes & Filtration 174
- 5.5.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 175
- 5.5.2 Applications and TRL 176
- 5.5.2.1 Water Desalination 176
- 5.5.2.2 Water Purification 177
- 5.5.2.3 Gas Separation 177
- 5.5.2.4 Oil-Water Separation 178
- 5.5.2.5 Air Filtration 179
- 5.5.2.6 Virus and Bacteria Filtration 180
- 5.5.2.7 Industrial Process Filtration 180
- 5.5.3 Roadmap 182
- 5.5.4 Market Opportunities 183
- 5.5.5 Market Players 184
- 5.6 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing 184
- 5.6.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 185
- 5.6.2 Applications and TRL 186
- 5.6.2.1 Filament Materials 187
- 5.6.2.2 Resin Systems 188
- 5.6.2.3 Metal Printing 189
- 5.6.2.4 Conductive Inks 190
- 5.6.2.5 Bioprinting 191
- 5.6.2.6 Aerospace Components 192
- 5.6.2.7 Automotive Parts 193
- 5.6.2.8 Electronic Components 194
- 5.6.3 Roadmap 194
- 5.6.4 Market Opportunities 195
- 5.6.5 Market Players 196
- 5.7 Construction Materials 197
- 5.7.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 197
- 5.7.2 Applications and TRL 198
- 5.7.3 Concrete Enhancement 199
- 5.7.3.1 Asphalt Modification 200
- 5.7.3.2 Smart Building Materials 200
- 5.7.3.3 3D Printing Construction 201
- 5.7.3.4 Protective Coatings 202
- 5.7.3.5 Thermal Management 203
- 5.7.3.6 Structural Monitoring 203
- 5.7.4 Roadmap 205
- 5.7.5 Market Opportunities 206
- 5.7.6 Market Players 207
- 5.8 Life Science & Bio-Medicine 207
- 5.8.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 208
- 5.8.2 Applications and TRL 209
- 5.8.2.1 Drug Delivery Systems 209
- 5.8.2.2 Biosensors 210
- 5.8.2.3 Medical Imaging 211
- 5.8.2.4 Tissue Engineering 212
- 5.8.2.5 Medical Implants 213
- 5.8.2.6 Gene Therapy 214
- 5.8.2.7 Antibacterial Applications 215
- 5.8.2.8 Cancer Treatment 215
- 5.8.2.9 Neural Interfaces 216
- 5.8.3 Roadmap 218
- 5.8.4 Market Opportunities 219
- 5.8.5 Market Players 220
- 5.9 Coatings 221
- 5.9.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 221
- 5.9.2 Applications and TRL 222
- 5.9.2.1 Anti-Corrosion Coatings 222
- 5.9.2.2 Conductive Coatings 223
- 5.9.2.3 Thermal Barrier Coatings 224
- 5.9.2.4 Anti-Fouling Coatings 225
- 5.9.2.5 Scratch-Resistant Coatings 225
- 5.9.2.6 High-Performance Adhesives 226
- 5.9.2.7 Flame Retardant Coatings 227
- 5.9.3 Roadmap 229
- 5.9.4 Market Opportunities 230
- 5.9.5 Market Players 231
- 5.10 Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants 231
- 5.10.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 232
- 5.10.2 Applications and TRL 233
- 5.10.3 Roadmap 235
- 5.10.4 Market Opportunities 236
- 5.10.5 Market Players 237
- 5.11 Thermal Management 238
- 5.11.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 238
- 5.11.2 Applications and TRL 239
- 5.11.3 Roadmap 240
- 5.11.4 Market Opportunities 241
- 5.11.5 Market Players 242
- 5.12 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding 243
- 5.12.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 243
- 5.12.2 Applications and TRL 244
- 5.12.3 Roadmap 246
- 5.12.4 Market Opportunities 247
- 5.12.5 Market Players 248
- 5.13 Textiles and Wearables 249
- 5.13.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 249
- 5.13.2 Applications and TRL 250
- 5.13.3 Roadmap 251
- 5.13.4 Market Opportunities 252
- 5.13.5 Market Players 253
- 5.14 Rubber and Synthetics 254
- 5.14.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials 254
- 5.14.2 Applications and TRL 255
- 5.14.3 Roadmap 257
- 5.14.4 Market Opportunities 258
- 5.14.5 Market Players 259
6 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES 260 (377 company profiles)
7 REFERENCES 496
List of Tables
- Table 1. Types of advanced carbon materials, properties and applications. 23
- Table 2. Different Types of Graphene and Use Cases. 26
- Table 3. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2035 (tons). 39
- Table 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2036 (tons). 42
- Table 5. Cost Structure for Graphene Production. 44
- Table 6. Government graphene funding. 45
- Table 7. Graphene VC and company funding and Investments 2020-2025. 46
- Table 8. Publicly listed graphene companies. 48
- Table 9. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets. 50
- Table 10. Commercial products incorporating graphene. 57
- Table 11. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and target markets. 62
- Table 12. Types of graphene and typical prices. 64
- Table 13. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 65
- Table 14. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 66
- Table 15. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 66
- Table 16. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 67
- Table 17. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 68
- Table 18. Graphene ink pricing by producer. 69
- Table 19. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 70
- Table 20. Applications and TRL Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 71
- Table 21. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 74
- Table 22. Market players in Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 75
- Table 23. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 76
- Table 24. Applications and TRL Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 77
- Table 25. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 79
- Table 26. Market players in Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 81
- Table 27. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries. 82
- Table 28. Applications and TRL Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries. 83
- Table 29. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries. 85
- Table 30. Market players in Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries. 86
- Table 31. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Supercapacitors. 87
- Table 32. Applications and TRL Graphene in Supercapacitors. 88
- Table 33. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Supercapacitors. 91
- Table 34. Market players in Graphene in Supercapacitors. 92
- Table 35. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Fuel Cells. 93
- Table 36. Applications and TRL Graphene in Fuel Cells. 94
- Table 37. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Fuel Cells. 97
- Table 38. Market players in Graphene in Fuel Cells. 98
- Table 39. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Solar Cells. 99
- Table 40. Applications and TRL Graphene in Solar Cells. 100
- Table 41. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Solar Cells. 103
- Table 42. Market players in Graphene in Solar Cells. 104
- Table 43. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage. 105
- Table 44. Applications and TRL Graphene in Hydrogen Storage. 106
- Table 45. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage. 109
- Table 46. Market players in Graphene in Hydrogen Storage. 110
- Table 47. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Composites & Plastics. 111
- Table 48. Applications and TRL Graphene in Composites & Plastics. 118
- Table 49. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Composites & Plastics. 120
- Table 50. Market players in Graphene in Composites & Plastics 121
- Table 51. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Photodetectors. 123
- Table 52. Applications and TRL Graphene in Photodetectors. 124
- Table 53. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Photodetectors. 126
- Table 54. Market players in Graphene in Photodetectors. 128
- Table 55. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films. 129
- Table 56. Applications and TRL Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films. 130
- Table 57. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films. 132
- Table 58. Market players in Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films. 134
- Table 59. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Biosensors. 135
- Table 60. Applications and TRL Graphene in Biosensors. 136
- Table 61. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Biosensors. 139
- Table 62. Market players in Graphene in Biosensors. 140
- Table 63. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Gas Sensors. 140
- Table 64. Applications and TRL Graphene in Gas Sensors. 142
- Table 65. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Gas Sensors. 144
- Table 66. Market players in Graphene in Gas Sensors. 145
- Table 67. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Optical Communications. 146
- Table 68. Applications and TRL Graphene in Optical Communications. 147
- Table 69. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Optical Communications. 150
- Table 70. Market players in Graphene in Optical Communications. 151
- Table 71. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors. 152
- Table 72. Applications and TRL Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors. 153
- Table 73. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors. 156
- Table 74. Market players in Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors. 157
- Table 75. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Flexible Electronics. 158
- Table 76. Applications and TRL Graphene in Flexible Electronics. 159
- Table 77. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Flexible Electronics. 161
- Table 78. Market players in Graphene in Flexible Electronics. 162
- Table 79. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Memory Devices. 163
- Table 80. Applications and TRL Graphene in Memory Devices. 164
- Table 81. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Memory Devices. 166
- Table 82. Market players in Graphene in Memory Devices. 168
- Table 83. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Conductive Inks. 168
- Table 84. Applications and TRL Graphene in Conductive Inks. 169
- Table 85. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Conductive Inks. 172
- Table 86. Market players in Graphene in Conductive Inks. 173
- Table 87. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration. 175
- Table 88. Applications and TRL Graphene in Membranes & Filtration. 176
- Table 89. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration. 183
- Table 90. Market players in Graphene in Membranes & Filtration. 184
- Table 91. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing. 185
- Table 92. Applications and TRL Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing. 186
- Table 93. Market Opportunities for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing. 195
- Table 94. Market players in Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing. 197
- Table 95. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Construction Materials. 197
- Table 96. Applications and TRL Graphene in Construction Materials. 198
- Table 97. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Construction Materials. 206
- Table 98. Market players in Graphene in Construction Materials. 207
- Table 99. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 208
- Table 100. Applications and TRL Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 209
- Table 101. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 219
- Table 102. Market players in Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 220
- Table 103. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Coatings. 221
- Table 104. Applications and TRL Graphene in Coatings. 222
- Table 105. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Coatings. 230
- Table 106. Market players in Graphene in Coatings. 231
- Table 107. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants. 232
- Table 108. Applications and TRL Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants. 233
- Table 109. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants. 236
- Table 110. Market players in Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants. 237
- Table 111. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Thermal Management. 238
- Table 112. Applications and TRL Graphene in Thermal Management. 239
- Table 113. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Thermal Management. 241
- Table 114. Market players in Graphene in Thermal Management. 242
- Table 115. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. 243
- Table 116. Applications and TRL Graphene in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. 244
- Table 117. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. 247
- Table 118. Market players in Graphene in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. 248
- Table 119. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables. 249
- Table 120. Applications and TRL Graphene in Textiles and Wearables. 250
- Table 121. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables. 252
- Table 122. Market players in Graphene in Textiles and Wearables. 253
- Table 123. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics. 254
- Table 124. Applications and TRL Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics. 255
- Table 125. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics. 258
- Table 126. Market players in Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics. 259
- Table 127. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 491
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 26
- Figure 2. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2035 (tons), conservative estimate. 41
- Figure 3. Global graphene demand by end use market, 2018-2036 (tons). 43
- Figure 4. TONE Free T90S model. 60
- Figure 5. Roadmap for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 73
- Figure 6. Roadmap for Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 78
- Figure 7. Roadmap for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries. 84
- Figure 8. Roadmap for Graphene in Supercapacitors. 90
- Figure 9. Roadmap for Graphene in Fuel Cells. 96
- Figure 10. Roadmap for Graphene in Solar Cells. 102
- Figure 11. Roadmap for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage. 108
- Figure 12. Roadmap for Graphene in Composites & Plastics. 119
- Figure 13. Roadmap for Graphene in Photodetectors. 125
- Figure 14. Roadmap for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films. 131
- Figure 15. Roadmap for Graphene in Biosensors. 138
- Figure 16. Roadmap for Graphene in Gas Sensors. 143
- Figure 17. Roadmap for Graphene in Optical Communications. 149
- Figure 18. Roadmap for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors. 155
- Figure 19. Roadmap for Graphene in Flexible Electronics. 160
- Figure 20. Roadmap for Graphene Memory Devices. 165
- Figure 21. Roadmap for Graphene in Conductive Inks. 171
- Figure 22. Roadmap for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration. 182
- Figure 23. Roadmap for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing. 194
- Figure 24. Roadmap for Graphene in Construction Materials. 205
- Figure 25. Roadmap for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 218
- Figure 26. Roadmap for Graphene in Coatings. 229
- Figure 27. Roadmap for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants. 235
- Figure 28. Roadmap for Graphene in Thermal Management. 240
- Figure 29. Roadmap for Graphene in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. 246
- Figure 30. Roadmap for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables. 251
- Figure 31. Roadmap for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics. 257
- Figure 32. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 293
- Figure 33. Graphene battery schematic. 317
- Figure 34. BioStamp nPoint. 399
- Figure 35. Nanotech Energy battery. 415
- Figure 36. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 417
- Figure 37. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 418
- Figure 38. Thermal conductive graphene film. 452
- Figure 39. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 465
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