August 2023 | 405 pages, 102 figures, 27 tables | Download table of contents
In the transition to a circular economy, chemicals and materials produced from biomass are playing a critical role. Biobased feedstocks and intermediates can be converted to a wide range of marketable products using thermal, biological and chemical processes. Feedstocks are typically fractionated/processed into key intermediates that serve as the platform for further specific processing and conversion into the final marketable products, e.g. fuels and chemicals.
The Global Market for Biochemical Feedstocks and Intermediates 2024-2034 provides a comprehensive overview of the global biochemicals industry. It covers key feedstocks like plant-based sources (starch, sugar crops, lignocellulose, oils), waste streams (food, agricultural, forestry, municipal), and microbial & mineral sources. Production pathways analyzed include biochemical, thermochemical, chemical/catalytic conversion and hybrid processes. Major intermediate platform chemicals are profiled based on sources, applications and global production volumes. End use markets examined include biofuels, bioplastics, solvents, lubricants, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, food additives and personal care.
The report also profiles 102 global producers of biochemicals and intermediates. Companies profiled include Algenol, Avantium, Bloom Biorenewables SA, Dispersa, Genomatica, LanzaTech, Novozymes, UPM, and Viridis Chemical. Key market drivers, trends and challenges are also analyzed. The report provides market size forecasts from 2018-2034.
Report contents include:
- Executive Summary
- Overview of the global biochemicals market
- Definition, scope, size
- Key drivers and trends
- Challenges and restraints
- Competitive landscape
- Global production volumes and forecasts
- Feedstocks for Biochemicals
- Types of biorefineries
- Plant-based (starch, sugar crops, lignocellulose, oils etc.)
- Waste-based (food waste, agricultural waste, forestry waste etc.)
- Microbial and mineral sources
- Carbon dioxide and other gaseous sources
- Biochemical Production Pathways
- Biochemical (fermentation, enzymatic catalysis)
- Thermochemical (gasification, pyrolysis etc.)
- Chemical/catalytic conversion (cracking, esterification etc.)
- Hybrid processes
- Key Intermediates and Platform Chemicals
- Profiles of major intermediates by source, application, global production
- Examples: lactic acid, succinic acid, bio-ethylene, fatty acids
- End-use Markets and Applications
- Biofuels, bioplastics and biopolymers
- Solvents, lubricants, surfactants
- Pharma ingredients, food additives, personal care
- Market size, growth forecasts
- Company Profiles
- Leading global producers of biochemicals
- Technology and production capabilities
- Plant locations, capacity expansions
- Market Outlook and Forecasts
- Demand trends, growth opportunities
- Market challenges and risks
- Global production capacity forecasts
- Regional supply/demand analysis
- Appendix
- Technology glossary
- Acronyms
- Sources/references
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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 23
- 2.1 Biochemicals 23
- 2.1.1 Definition and Scope 23
- 2.2 Market drivers and trends 24
- 2.3 Market challenges 26
- 2.4 Bio-based products value chain 28
- 2.5 Competitive Landscape 29
- 2.6 Production of bio-based chemicals 30
- 2.6.1 Market players 31
- 2.6.2 Market map 33
- 2.7 Life cycle assessment 35
- 2.8 Market Outlook and Forecasts 36
- 2.8.1 Demand trends and growth opportunities 36
- 2.9 Global production capacity forecasts 37
- 2.10 Regional supply/demand analysis 39
- 2.10.1 North America 39
- 2.10.2 Asia Pacific 41
- 2.10.3 Europe 42
- 2.10.4 Latin America 43
- 2.10.5 Middle East & Africa 44
3 TYPES OF FEEDSTOCKS 46
- 3.1 Biorefineries 46
- 3.2 Bio-based feedstock and land use 48
- 3.3 Plant-based 49
- 3.4 Waste-based 50
- 3.5 Microbial and mineral sources 51
- 3.6 CO2 52
4 PRODUCTION PATHWAYS 57
- 4.1 Biochemical 58
- 4.1.1 Fermentation 58
- 4.1.2 Enzymatic Catalysis 59
- 4.2 Thermochemical 60
- 4.2.1 Gasification 60
- 4.2.2 Pyrolysis 61
- 4.2.3 Hydrothermal liquefaction 62
- 4.2.4 Hydroprocessing 63
- 4.2.5 Fischer Tropsch synthesis 64
- 4.2.6 Catalytic pyrolysis 65
- 4.3 Chemical/catalytic conversion 66
- 4.3.1 Catalytic cracking/reforming 66
- 4.3.2 Esterification 68
- 4.3.3 Etherification 69
- 4.3.4 Oligomerization 70
- 4.3.5 Oxidation 71
- 4.3.6 Hydrogenation/Hydrotreating 71
- 4.3.7 Hydrodeoxygenation 73
- 4.3.8 Hydrolysis 74
- 4.3.9 Condensation 75
- 4.4 Hybrid processes 76
5 FEEDSTOCK AND INTERMEDIATES 78
- 5.1 PLANT-BASED 79
- 5.1.1 STARCH 79
- 5.1.1.1 Overveiw 79
- 5.1.1.2 Sources 80
- 5.1.1.3 Global production 80
- 5.1.1.4 Lysine 81
- 5.1.1.4.1 Sources 82
- 5.1.1.4.2 Applications 83
- 5.1.1.4.3 Global production 84
- 5.1.1.5 Glucose 85
- 5.1.1.5.1 HMDA 87
- 5.1.1.5.1.1 Overview 87
- 5.1.1.5.1.2 Sources 88
- 5.1.1.5.1.3 Applications 88
- 5.1.1.5.1.4 Global production 89
- 5.1.1.5.2 DN5 91
- 5.1.1.5.2.1 Overview 91
- 5.1.1.5.2.2 Sources 91
- 5.1.1.5.2.3 Applications 91
- 5.1.1.5.2.4 Global production 92
- 5.1.1.5.3 Sorbitol 94
- 5.1.1.5.3.1 Isosorbide 94
- 5.1.1.5.3.1.1 Overview 94
- 5.1.1.5.3.1.2 Sources 94
- 5.1.1.5.3.1.3 Applications 94
- 5.1.1.5.3.1.4 Global production 95
- 5.1.1.5.3.1 Isosorbide 94
- 5.1.1.5.4 Lactic acid 96
- 5.1.1.5.4.1 Overview 96
- 5.1.1.5.4.2 D-lactic acid 96
- 5.1.1.5.4.3 L-lactic acid 96
- 5.1.1.5.4.4 Lactide 98
- 5.1.1.5.5 Itaconic acid 101
- 5.1.1.5.5.1 Overview 101
- 5.1.1.5.5.2 Sources 101
- 5.1.1.5.5.3 Applications 101
- 5.1.1.5.5.4 Global production 102
- 5.1.1.5.6 3-HP 103
- 5.1.1.5.6.1 Overview 103
- 5.1.1.5.6.2 Sources 103
- 5.1.1.5.6.3 Applications 104
- 5.1.1.5.6.4 Global production 105
- 5.1.1.5.6.5 Acrylic acid 106
- 5.1.1.5.6.5.1 Overview 106
- 5.1.1.5.6.5.2 Applications 106
- 5.1.1.5.6.5.3 Global production 107
- 5.1.1.5.6.6 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) 108
- 5.1.1.5.6.6.1 Overview 108
- 5.1.1.5.6.6.2 Applications 109
- 5.1.1.5.6.6.3 Global production 109
- 5.1.1.5.1 HMDA 87
- 5.1.1.5.7 Succinic Acid 111
- 5.1.1.5.7.1 Overview 111
- 5.1.1.5.7.2 Sources 112
- 5.1.1.5.7.3 Applications 112
- 5.1.1.5.7.4 Global production 113
- 5.1.1.5.7.5 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO) 114
- 5.1.1.5.7.5.1 Overview 114
- 5.1.1.5.7.5.2 Applications 114
- 5.1.1.5.7.5.3 Global production 115
- 5.1.1.5.7.6 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 117
- 5.1.1.5.7.6.1 Overview 117
- 5.1.1.5.7.6.2 Applications 118
- 5.1.1.5.7.6.3 Global production 119
- 5.1.1.5.8 Adipic acid 120
- 5.1.1.5.8.1 Overview 120
- 5.1.1.5.8.2 Caprolactame 122
- 5.1.1.5.8.2.1 Overview 122
- 5.1.1.5.8.2.2 Applications 122
- 5.1.1.5.8.2.3 Global production 123
- 5.1.1.5.9 Isobutanol 124
- 5.1.1.5.9.1 Overview 124
- 5.1.1.5.9.2 Sources 125
- 5.1.1.5.9.3 Applications 126
- 5.1.1.5.9.4 Global production 126
- 5.1.1.5.9.5 1,4-Butanediol 127
- 5.1.1.5.9.5.1 Overview 127
- 5.1.1.5.9.5.2 Applications 128
- 5.1.1.5.9.5.3 Global production 128
- 5.1.1.5.9.6 p-Xylene 130
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.1 Overview 130
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.2 Sources 131
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.3 Applications 131
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.4 Global production 132
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.5 Terephthalic acid 133
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.6 Overview 133
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.6.1 Applications 133
- 5.1.1.5.9.6.6.2 Global production 133
- 5.1.1.5.10 1,3 Proppanediol 135
-
- 5.1.1.5.10.1.1 Overview 135
- 5.1.1.5.10.1.2 Sources 135
- 5.1.1.5.10.1.3 Applications 135
- 5.1.1.5.10.1.4 Global production 135
-
- 5.1.1.5.11 MEG 137
- 5.1.1.5.11.1 Overview 137
- 5.1.1.5.11.2 Sources 138
- 5.1.1.5.11.3 Applications 138
- 5.1.1.5.11.4 Global production 139
- 5.1.1.5.12 Ethanol 142
- 5.1.1.5.12.1 Overview 142
- 5.1.1.5.12.2 Sources 143
- 5.1.1.5.12.3 Applications 144
- 5.1.1.5.12.4 Global production 145
- 5.1.1.5.12.5 Ethylene 146
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.1 Overview 146
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.2 Applications 146
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.3 Global production 147
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.4 Propylene 148
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.4.1 Overview 149
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.4.2 Applications 150
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.4.3 Global production 150
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.5 Vinyl chloride 152
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.5.1 Overview 152
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.5.2 Applications 153
- 5.1.1.5.12.5.5.3 Global production 154
- 5.1.1.5.12.6 Methly methacrylate 155
- 5.1.1.5.12.6.1.1 Overview 155
- 5.1.1.5.12.6.1.2 Applications 156
- 5.1.1.5.12.6.1.3 Global production 157
- 5.1.2 SUGAR CROPS 158
- 5.1.2.1 Saccharose 159
- 5.1.2.1.1 Aniline 159
- 5.1.2.1.1.1 Overview 159
- 5.1.2.1.1.2 Applications 160
- 5.1.2.1.1.3 Global production 161
- 5.1.2.1.2 Fructose 163
- 5.1.2.1.2.1 Overview 163
- 5.1.2.1.2.2 Applications 164
- 5.1.2.1.2.3 Global production 165
- 5.1.2.1.2.4 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) 167
- 5.1.2.1.2.4.1 Overview 167
- 5.1.2.1.2.4.2 Applications 167
- 5.1.2.1.2.4.3 Global production 169
- 5.1.2.1.2.5 5-Chloromethylfurfural (5-CMF) 170
- 5.1.2.1.2.5.1 Overview 170
- 5.1.2.1.2.5.2 Applications 171
- 5.1.2.1.2.5.3 Global production 172
- 5.1.2.1.2.6 Levulinic Acid 174
- 5.1.2.1.2.6.1 Overview 174
- 5.1.2.1.2.6.2 Applications 174
- 5.1.2.1.2.6.3 Global production 175
- 5.1.2.1.2.7 FDME 176
- 5.1.2.1.2.7.1 Overview 176
- 5.1.2.1.2.7.2 Applications 177
- 5.1.2.1.2.7.3 Global production 178
- 5.1.2.1.2.8 2,5-FDCA 180
- 5.1.2.1.2.8.1 Overview 180
- 5.1.2.1.2.8.2 Applications 181
- 5.1.2.1.2.8.3 Global production 182
- 5.1.3 LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS 184
- 5.1.3.1 Levoglucosenone 184
- 5.1.3.1.1 Overview 184
- 5.1.3.1.2 Applications 185
- 5.1.3.1.3 Global production 185
- 5.1.3.2 Hemicellulose 186
- 5.1.3.2.1 Overview 186
- 5.1.3.2.2 Biochemicals from hemicellulose 187
- 5.1.3.2.3 Global production 187
- 5.1.3.2.4 Furfural 188
- 5.1.3.2.4.1 Overview 188
- 5.1.3.2.4.2 Applications 189
- 5.1.3.2.4.3 Global production 190
- 5.1.3.2.4.4 Furfuyl alcohol 190
- 5.1.3.2.4.4.1 Overview 191
- 5.1.3.2.4.4.2 Applications 191
- 5.1.3.2.4.4.3 Global production 191
- 5.1.3.3 Lignin 193
- 5.1.3.3.1 Overview 193
- 5.1.3.3.2 Sources 194
- 5.1.3.3.3 Applications 196
- 5.1.3.3.3.1 Aromatic compounds 196
- 5.1.3.3.3.1.1 Benzene, toluene and xylene 196
- 5.1.3.3.3.1.2 Phenol and phenolic resins 197
- 5.1.3.3.3.1.3 Vanillin 198
- 5.1.3.3.3.2 Polymers 198
- 5.1.3.3.3.1 Aromatic compounds 196
- 5.1.3.3.4 Global production 200
- 5.1.3.1 Levoglucosenone 184
- 5.1.4 PLANT OILS 201
- 5.1.4.1 Overview 201
- 5.1.4.2 Glycerol 201
- 5.1.4.2.1 Overview 202
- 5.1.4.2.2 Applications 202
- 5.1.4.2.3 Global production 203
- 5.1.4.2.4 MPG 203
- 5.1.4.2.4.1 Overview 204
- 5.1.4.2.4.2 Applications 204
- 5.1.4.2.4.3 Global production 204
- 5.1.4.2.5 ECH 206
- 5.1.4.2.5.1 Overview 206
- 5.1.4.2.5.2 Applications 207
- 5.1.4.2.5.3 Global production 209
- 5.1.4.3 Fatty acids 210
- 5.1.4.3.1 Overview 210
- 5.1.4.3.2 Applications 210
- 5.1.4.3.3 Global production 212
- 5.1.4.3.4 PHA 213
- 5.1.4.3.4.1 Overview 213
- 5.1.4.3.4.2 Applications 213
- 5.1.4.3.4.3 Global production 214
- 5.1.4.4 Castor oil 215
- 5.1.4.4.1 Overview 215
- 5.1.4.4.2 Sebacic acid 215
- 5.1.4.4.2.1 Overview 215
- 5.1.4.4.2.2 Applications 218
- 5.1.4.4.2.3 Global production 219
- 5.1.4.4.3 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA) 221
- 5.1.4.4.3.1 Overview 221
- 5.1.4.4.3.2 Applications 221
- 5.1.4.4.3.3 Global production 222
- 5.1.4.5 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) 224
- 5.1.4.5.1 Overview 224
- 5.1.4.5.2 Applications 224
- 5.1.4.5.3 Global production 224
- 5.1.4.6 Epichlorohydrin (ECH) 226
- 5.1.4.6.1 Overview 226
- 5.1.4.6.2 Applications 227
- 5.1.4.6.3 Global production 228
- 5.1.4.7 Pentamethylene diisocyanate 229
- 5.1.4.7.1 Overview 229
- 5.1.4.7.2 Applications 230
- 5.1.4.7.3 Global production 231
- 5.1.5 NON-EDIBIBLE MILK 232
- 5.1.5.1 Casein 232
- 5.1.5.1.1 Overview 232
- 5.1.5.1.2 Applications 232
- 5.1.5.1.3 Global production 234
- 5.1.5.1 Casein 232
- 5.1.1 STARCH 79
- 5.2 WASTE 235
- 5.2.1 Food waste 235
- 5.2.1.1 Overview 235
- 5.2.1.2 Products and applications 238
- 5.2.1.3 Global production 238
- 5.2.2 Agricultural waste 240
- 5.2.2.1 Overview 240
- 5.2.2.2 Products and applications 241
- 5.2.2.3 Global production 242
- 5.2.3 Forestry waste 243
- 5.2.3.1 Overview 243
- 5.2.3.2 Products and applications 244
- 5.2.3.3 Global production 245
- 5.2.4 Aquaculture/fishing waste 247
- 5.2.4.1 Overview 247
- 5.2.4.2 Products and applications 248
- 5.2.4.3 Global production 249
- 5.2.5 Municipal solid waste 252
- 5.2.5.1 Overview 252
- 5.2.5.2 Products and applications 253
- 5.2.5.3 Global production 253
- 5.2.6 Industrial waste 255
- 5.2.6.1 Overview 256
- 5.2.6.2 Products and applications 256
- 5.2.6.3 Global production 257
- 5.2.6.4 Glycerol 258
- 5.2.6.4.1 Overview 258
- 5.2.6.4.2 Products and applications 259
- 5.2.6.4.3 Global production 259
- 5.2.7 Waste oils 262
- 5.2.7.1 Overview 262
- 5.2.7.2 Products and applications 263
- 5.2.7.3 Global production 263
- 5.2.7.4 Naphtha 265
- 5.2.7.4.1 Overview 265
- 5.2.1 Food waste 235
- 5.3 MICROBIAL & MINERAL SOURCES 265
- 5.3.1 Global production 265
- 5.3.2 Microalgae 267
- 5.3.2.1 Overview 267
- 5.3.2.2 Products and applications 267
- 5.3.3 Macroalgae 268
- 5.3.3.1 Overview 268
- 5.3.3.2 Products and applications 269
- 5.3.4 Methane hydrates 270
- 5.3.4.1 Overview 270
- 5.3.4.2 Products and applications 272
- 5.3.5 Mineral sources 273
- 5.3.5.1 Overview 273
- 5.3.5.2 Products and applications 275
- 5.4 GASEOUS 276
- 5.4.1 Biogas 276
- 5.4.1.1 Overview 276
- 5.4.1.2 Products and applications 277
- 5.4.1.3 Global production 277
- 5.4.2 Syngas 279
- 5.4.2.1 Products and applications 280
- 5.4.2.2 Global production 281
- 5.4.3 Off gases - fermentation CO2, CO 283
- 5.4.3.1 Overview 286
- 5.4.3.2 Products and applications 287
- 5.4.1 Biogas 276
6 END-USE MARKETS 288
- 6.1 Biofuels 288
- 6.1.1 Market overview 288
- 6.1.2 Products and applications 289
- 6.1.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 290
- 6.2 Bioplastics and biopolymers 292
- 6.2.1 Market overview 292
- 6.2.2 Products and applications 294
- 6.2.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 296
- 6.3 Solvents 297
- 6.3.1 Market overview 297
- 6.3.2 Products and applications 299
- 6.3.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 301
- 6.4 Lubricants 302
- 6.4.1 Market overview 302
- 6.4.2 Products and applications 304
- 6.4.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 306
- 6.5 Surfactants 307
- 6.5.1 Market overview 307
- 6.5.2 Products and applications 308
- 6.5.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 310
- 6.6 Pharmaceutical ingredients 312
- 6.6.1 Market overview 312
- 6.6.2 Products and applications 313
- 6.6.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 315
- 6.7 Food additives 316
- 6.7.1 Market overview 316
- 6.7.2 Products and applications 318
- 6.7.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 320
- 6.8 Personal care products 321
- 6.8.1 Market overview 321
- 6.8.2 Products and applications 323
- 6.8.3 Global market revenues 2018-2034 325
7 COMPANY PROFILES 326 (102 companies)
8 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 412
9 ACRONYMS 413
10 REFERENCES 414
List of Tables
- Table 1. Market drivers and trends in bio-based chemical feedstocks and intermediates. 24
- Table 2. Market challenges in bio-based chemical feedstocks and intermediates. 26
- Table 3. Market players in biochemical feedstocks and intermediates. 31
- Table 4. Global production capacity forecasts for biobased chemical feedstocks and intermediates. 37
- Table 5. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 49
- Table 6. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 50
- Table 7. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 51
- Table 8. Example CO2 utilization pathways. 53
- Table 9. Overview of Fossil- and Biobased Production Pathways. 57
- Table 10. Examples of Fermentation Products. 58
- Table 11. Biochemicals Produced by Enzymatic Catalysis. 59
- Table 12. Examples of Hybrid Biochemical Production. 76
- Table 13. Lactide applications. 98
- Table 14. Biobased MEG producers capacities. 139
- Table 15. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes 194
- Table 16. Lignin aromatic compound products. 196
- Table 17. Prices of benzene, toluene, xylene and their derivatives. 196
- Table 18. Lignin products in polymeric materials. 198
- Table 19. Application of lignin in plastics and composites. 199
- Table 20. Biofuel products and applications. 289
- Table 21. Bioplastics and biopolymers products and applications. 294
- Table 22. Biobased solvent products and applications. 299
- Table 23. Biobased lubricants products and applications. 304
- Table 24. Biobased surfactant products and applications. 308
- Table 25. Biobased pharmaceutical ingredients and applications. 313
- Table 26. Biobased food additive products and applications. 318
- Table 27. Biobased personal care products and applications. 323
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Bio-based products value chain. 29
- Figure 2. Market map for bio-based chemical feedstocks and intermediates. 34
- Figure 3. Global production capacity forecasts, by feedstocks, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 38
- Figure 4. Biochemicals demand in North America, by type, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 40
- Figure 5. Biochemicals demand in Asia Pacific, by type, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 42
- Figure 6. Biochemicals demand in Europe, by type, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 42
- Figure 7. Biochemicals demand in Latin America, by type, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 43
- Figure 8. Biochemicals demand in Middle East & Africa , by type, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 44
- Figure 9. Schematic of biorefinery processes. 47
- Figure 10. Global biomass utilization. 48
- Figure 11. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle. 52
- Figure 12. Co2 utilization pathways and products. 55
- Figure 13. Global production of starch for biobased chemicals and intermediates, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 81
- Figure 14. Global production of biobased lysine, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 84
- Figure 15. Global glucode production for bio-based chemicals and intermediates 2018-2034 (metric tonnes) 86
- Figure 16. Global production of bio-HMDA lysine, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 89
- Figure 17. Global production of bio-based DN5, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 92
- Figure 18. Global production of bio-based isosorbide, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 95
- Figure 19. L-lactic acid (L-LA) production, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 97
- Figure 20. Lactide production capacities, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 99
- Figure 21. Global production of bio-itaconic acid, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 103
- Figure 22. Potential industrial uses of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 104
- Figure 23. Global production of 3-HP, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 105
- Figure 24. Global production of bio-based acrylic acid, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 107
- Figure 25. Global production of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 110
- Figure 26. Global production of bio-based Succinic acid, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 113
- Figure 27. Global production of 1,4-Butanediol (BDO), 2018-2033 (metric tonnes). 116
- Figure 28. Global production of bio-based tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 119
- Figure 29. Overview of Toray process. Overview of process 121
- Figure 30. Global production of bio-based caprolactam, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 123
- Figure 31. Global production of bio-based isobutanol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 126
- Figure 32. Global production of bio-based 1,4-butanediol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 129
- Figure 33. Global production of bio-based p-xylene, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 132
- Figure 34. Global production of biobased terephthalic acid (TPA), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 133
- Figure 35. Global production of biobased 1,3 Proppanediol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 136
- Figure 36. Global production of biobased MEG, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 139
- Figure 37. Global production of biobased 1,3 Proppanediol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 140
- Figure 38. Bio-MEG production capacities, 2018-2033. 141
- Figure 39. Global production of biobased ethanol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 145
- Figure 40. Global production of biobased ethylene, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 147
- Figure 41. Global production of biobased propylene, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 151
- Figure 42. Global production of biobased vinyl chloride, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 154
- Figure 43. Global production of biobased Methly methacrylate, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 157
- Figure 44. Global production of biobased aniline, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 163
- Figure 45. Global production of biobased fructose, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 167
- Figure 46. Global production of biobased 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 169
- Figure 47. Global production of biobased 5-(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 173
- Figure 48. Global production of biobased Levulinic acid, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 176
- Figure 49. Global production of biobased FDME, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 179
- Figure 50. Global production of biobased Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 183
- Figure 51. Global production of hemicellulose, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 187
- Figure 52. Global production of biobased furfural, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 190
- Figure 53. Global production of biobased furfuryl alcohol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 193
- Figure 54. Schematic of WISA plywood home. 198
- Figure 55. Global production of biobased lignin, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 201
- Figure 56. Global production of biobased glycerol, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 203
- Figure 57. Global production of Bio-MPG, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 206
- Figure 58. Global production of biobased ECH, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 209
- Figure 59. Global production of biobased fatty acids, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 212
- Figure 60. Global production of PHA, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 214
- Figure 61. Sebacic acid production capacities, 2018-2033 (tonnes). 217
- Figure 62. Global production of biobased sebacic acid, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 220
- Figure 63. Production capacities for 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA), tonnes. 222
- Figure 64. Global production of biobased 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 223
- Figure 65. Global production of biobased Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA), 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 225
- Figure 66. Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) production capacities, 2018-2033 (tonnes). 226
- Figure 67. Global production of biobased Epichlorohydrin, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 228
- Figure 68. Epichlorohydrin production capacities, 2018-2033 (tonnes). 229
- Figure 69. Global production of biobased Pentamethylene diisocyanate, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 231
- Figure 70. Global production of biobased casein, 2018-2034 (metric tonnes). 234
- Figure 71. Global production of food waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 239
- Figure 72. Global production of agricultural waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 243
- Figure 73. Global production of forestry waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 246
- Figure 74. Global production of aquaculture/fishing waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 250
- Figure 75. Global production of agricultural waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 251
- Figure 76. Global production of municipal solid waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 255
- Figure 77. Global production of industrial waste for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 258
- Figure 78. Global production of biobased glycerol for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 261
- Figure 79. Global production of waste oils for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 265
- Figure 80. Global production of microbial and mineral sources for biochemicals, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 266
- Figure 81. Global production of biogas, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 278
- Figure 82. Global production of syngas, 2018-2034 (million metric tonnes). 282
- Figure 83. Global market revenues for biofuels, by type, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 290
- Figure 84. Global market revenues for bioplastics and biopolymers, by type, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 296
- Figure 85. Global market revenues for biobased solvents, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 301
- Figure 86. Global market revenues for biobased lubricants, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 306
- Figure 87. Global market revenues for biobased surfactants, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 311
- Figure 88. Global market revenues for biobased pharmaceutical ingredients, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 316
- Figure 89. Global market revenues for biobased food additive, by type, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 320
- Figure 90. Global market revenues for biobased personal care, by type, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 325
- Figure 91. formicobio™ technology. 347
- Figure 92. Domsjö process. 353
- Figure 93. TMP-Bio Process. 356
- Figure 94. Lignin gel. 377
- Figure 95. BioFlex process. 380
- Figure 96. LX Process. 384
- Figure 97. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology. 388
- Figure 98. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process. 396
- Figure 99. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk. 398
- Figure 100. UPM biorefinery process. 407
- Figure 101. The Proesa® Process. 408
- Figure 102. Goldilocks process and applications. 410
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