The Global Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces

1              EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  19

• 1.1          Advanced and smart coatings     19
  • 1.1.1      Advantages        19
  • 1.1.2      Properties           20
  • 1.1.3      Applications       20
• 1.2          Advanced antimicrobial and anti-viral coatings and surfaces         20
  • 1.2.1      Mode of action  21
  • 1.2.2      Self-cleaning antibacterial coatings and surfaces 22
    • 1.2.2.1   Bionic self-cleaning coatings        22
    • 1.2.2.2   Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings       24
    • 1.2.2.3   Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings       27
  • 1.2.3      Anti-viral coatings and surfaces 28
  • 1.2.4      Nanomaterials  30
  • 1.2.5      Cleanliness of indoor and public areas driving demand for antimicrobials 31
  • 1.2.6      Application in healthcare environments 32
    • 1.2.6.1   COVID-19 and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)              32
    • 1.2.6.2   Reusable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)   32
    • 1.2.6.3   Facemask coatings           32
    • 1.2.6.4   Wipe on coatings             33
    • 1.2.6.5   Long-term mitigation of surface contamination with nanocoatings             33
• 1.3          Global market size and opportunity to 2030          34
  • 1.3.1      End user markets for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces.     34
  • 1.3.2      Global forecast for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings to 2030      35
• 1.4          Market and technical challenges               38
• 1.5          Market drivers and trends            39
• 1.6          Self-cleaning antimicrobial coatings         43
  • 1.6.1      Hydrophilic coatings       44
  • 1.6.2      Hydrophobic coatings     44
    • 1.6.2.1   Properties           44
    • 1.6.2.2   Application in facemasks              45
• 1.7          Superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces               45
  • 1.7.1      Properties           46
    • 1.7.1.1   Antibacterial use              46
• 1.8          Oleophobic and omniphobic coatings and surfaces           47
  • 1.8.1      SLIPS     48
  • 1.8.2      Covalent bonding             49
  • 1.8.3      Step-growth graft polymerization             49
• 1.9          Self-healing antimicrobial coatings            50
  • 1.9.1      Extrinsic self-healing       51
    • 1.9.1.1   Capsule-based  51
    • 1.9.1.2   Vascular self-healing      52
• 1.9.2      Intrinsic self-healing       52
• 1.9.3      Healing volume 53

2              ADVANCED MATERIALS USED IN BACTERICIDAL & VIRICIDAL COATINGS AND SURFACES                57

• 2.1          Metallic-based coatings 57
• 2.2          Polymer-based coatings 58
• 2.3          GRAPHENE         60
  • 2.3.1      Properties           60
  • 2.3.2      Graphene oxide 62
    • 2.3.2.1   Anti-bacterial activity      62
    • 2.3.2.2   Anti-viral activity              62
  • 2.3.3      Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 62
  • 2.3.4      Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     64
• 2.4          SILICON DIOXIDE/SILICA NANOPARTICLES             65
  • 2.4.1      Properties           65
    • 2.4.2      Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     66
• 2.5          SILVER AND NANOSILVER             66
  • 2.5.1      Properties           67
  • 2.5.2      Application in advanced antimicrobial and antiviral coatings         67
    • 2.5.2.1   Silver nanocoatings         67
    • 2.5.2.2   Antimicrobial silver paints            68
  • 2.5.3      Markets and applications              68
    • 2.5.3.1   Textiles 69
    • 2.5.3.2   Wound dressings             69
    • 2.5.3.3   Consumer products        69
    • 2.5.3.4   Air filtration        69
  • 2.5.4      Commercial activity         69
• 2.6          PHOTOCATALYTIC COATINGS (TITANIUM DIOXIDE)           70
  • 2.6.1      Properties           71
  • 2.6.2      Exterior and construction glass coatings 72
  • 2.6.3      Outdoor air pollution      74
  • 2.6.4      Interior coatings               75
  • 2.6.5      Improving indoor air quality        75
  • 2.6.6      Medical facilities               76
  • 2.6.7      Wastewater Treatment 76
  • 2.6.8      Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation         77
• 2.7          ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES      78
  • 2.7.1      Properties           78
  • 2.7.2      Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     79
• 2.8          HYDROGELS        82
  • 2.8.1      Properties           82
  • 2.8.2      Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     82
• 2.9          NANOCELLULOSE (CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS)       85
  • 2.9.1      Properties           85
  • 2.9.2      Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     86
    • 2.9.2.1   Cellulose nanofibers       86
    • 2.9.2.2   Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)       86
• 2.10        CARBON NANOTUBES    87
  • 2.10.1    Properties           87
  • 2.10.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     87
• 2.11        FULLERENES       88
  • 2.11.1    Properties           88
  • 2.11.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     88
• 2.12        CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES        90
  • 2.12.1    Properties           90
  • 2.12.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     91
    • 2.12.2.1                Wound dressings             91
    • 2.12.2.2                Packaging coatings and films       92
    • 2.12.2.3                Food storage      92
• 2.13        COPPER NANOPARTICLES             93
  • 2.13.1    Properties           93
  • 2.13.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     93
• 2.14        OTHER NANOPARTICLES               94
  • 2.14.1    Gold nanoparticles          94
  • 2.14.2    Cerium oxide nanoparticles         94
• 2.15        ADAPTIVE BIOMATERIALS            95
  • 2.15.1    Properties           95
  • 2.15.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     95
• 2.16        ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMP) COATINGS       96
  • 2.16.1    Properties           96
  • 2.16.2    Application in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces     96
• 2.17        ANTIBACTERIAL LIQUID METALS 99
  • 2.17.1    Properties           99

3              MARKETS FOR ADVANCED BACTERICIDAL & VIRICIDAL COATINGS AND SURFACES            100

• 3.1          HOUSEHOLD AND INDOOR SURFACES     100
  • 3.1.1      Market drivers and trends            100
  • 3.1.2      Applications       100
    • 3.1.2.1   Self-cleaning and easy-to-clean 100
    • 3.1.2.2   Indoor pollutants and air quality                101
  • 3.1.3      Global market size           102
• 3.2          MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE SETTINGS         104
  • 3.2.1      Market drivers and trends            104
  • 3.2.2      Applications       105
    • 3.2.2.1   Medical surfaces              106
    • 3.2.2.2   Wound dressings             107
    • 3.2.2.3   Medical equipment and instruments       107
    • 3.2.2.4   Fabric supplies scrubs, linens, masks (medical textiles)    108
    • 3.2.2.5   Medical implants              108
  • 3.2.3      Global market size           110
• 3.3          CLOTHING AND TEXTILES              113
  • 3.3.1      Market drivers and trends            113
  • 3.3.2      Applications       114
    • 3.3.2.1   Antimicrobial clothing    114
  • 3.3.3      Global market size           119
• 3.4          FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTION AND PACKAGING         122
  • 3.4.1      Market drivers and trends            122
  • 3.4.2      Applications       122
    • 3.4.2.1   Antimicrobial coatings in food processing equipment, conveyor belts and preparation surfaces    123
    • 3.4.2.2   Antimicrobial coatings and films in food packaging            124
  • 3.4.3      Global market size           125
• 3.5          OTHER MARKETS              127
  • 3.5.1      Automotive and transportation interiors                127
  • 3.5.2      Water and air filtration  129

4              ADVANCED BACTERICIDAL AND VIRICIDAL COATINGS COMPANIES          132 (128 COMPANY PROFILES)

5              RECENT RESEARCH IN ACADEMIA             223

6              AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY              224

7              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY        225

8              REFERENCES       226

TABLES

• Table 1. Growth Modes of Bacteria and characteristics.   22
• Table 2. Summary for bionic self-cleaning nanocoatings. 22
• Table 3. Market summary for photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings.           24
• Table 4: Summary of anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings.       27
• Table 5. Types of nanomaterials used in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces, benefits and applications.       30
• Table 6: End user markets for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces.    34
• Table 7: Total global revenues for advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings, 2019-2030, USD.     35
• Table 8: Total global revenues for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings, 2019-2030, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type.          37
• Table 9: Market and technical challenges for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces.       38
• Table 10. Market drivers and trends in    39
• Table 11: Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. 44
• Table 12. Applications of oleophobic & omniphobic coatings.       49
• Table 13. Types of self-healing coatings and materials.     54
• Table 14. Types of self-healing antimicrobial coatings.     55
• Table 15: Polymer-based coatings for Bactericidal & Viricidal Surfaces.     58
• Table 16: Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings.             60
• Table 17. Bactericidal characters of graphene-based materials.   63
• Table 18. Markets and applications for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings graphene nanocoatings. 64
• Table 19. Markets and applications for nanosilver-based Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces. 68
• Table 20. Commercial activity in Bactericidal & Viricidal nanosilver coatings.          70
• Table 21. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species.  80
• Table 22. Types of antibacterial hydrogels.           83
• Table 23. Types of carbon-based nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent, their mechanisms of action and characteristics.                89
• Table 24. Mechanism of chitosan antimicrobial action.    91
• Table 25. Types of adaptive biomaterials for Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces.            95
• Table 26. Types of antibacterial AMP coatings.    97
• Table 27. AMP contact-killing surfaces.   97
• Table 28: Market drivers and trends for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings nanocoatings in household and indoor surface market.  100
• Table 29: Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in household and indoor surfaces to 2030, by revenues and types.     102
• Table 30: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings in medicine and healthcare.         104
• Table 31: Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.       106
• Table 32. Types of advanced antimicrobial medical device coatings.           108
• Table 33: Types of advanced coatings applied in medical implants.             109
• Table 34: Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants.      109
• Table 35: Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in medical and healthcare settings to 2030, by revenues and types.     111
• Table 36: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings s in the textiles and apparel industry.              113
• Table 37: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.           115
• Table 38: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.       116
• Table 39: Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in clothing and textiles to 2030, by revenues and types.       120
• Table 40: Market drivers and trends for nanocoatings in the packaging market.   122
• Table 41: Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in food and beverage production & packaging to 2030, by revenues and types.          125
• Table 42: Advanced coatings applied in the automotive industry.               127
• Table 43: Applications in air and water filters, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.  130
• Table 44. Photocatalytic coating schematic.          155
• Table 45. Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces development in academia.        223

FIGURES

• Figure 1: Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic.        24
• Figure 2: Principle of superhydrophilicity.              26
• Figure 3: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.      26
• Figure 4. Schematic of anti-viral coating using nano-actives for inactivation of any adhered virus on the surfaces. 29
• Figure 5. Face masks coated with antibacterial & antiviral nanocoating.   33
• Figure 6: Global revenues for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings, 2019-2030, USD, conservative estimate.                36
• Figure 7: Total global revenues for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings, 2019-2030, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type.          38
• Figure 8: (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf.               43
• Figure 9: A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°.              45
• Figure 10: Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface.   46
• Figure 11: Self-cleaning nanocellulose dishware. 47
• Figure 12: SLIPS repellent coatings.          49
• Figure 13: Omniphobic coatings.                50
• Figure 14. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials.  Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage.  51
• Figure 15: Stages of self-healing mechanism.       51
• Figure 16. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems.          52
• Figure 17: Comparison of self-healing systems.   53
• Figure 18. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles.   58
• Figure 19: Graphair membrane coating. 60
• Figure 20: Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO).              62
• Figure 21: Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating.    66
• Figure 22 Anti-bacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticle coating.             67
• Figure 23: Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles.      71
• Figure 24:  Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface.              72
• Figure 25: Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right). 73
• Figure 26:  Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation.      74
• Figure 27: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.   75
• Figure 28: Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter.           76
• Figure 29: Schematic of photocatalytic water purification.              77
• Figure 30. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs.               80
• Figure 31.  Applications of antibacterial hydrogels             82
• Figure 32: Types of nanocellulose.            85
• Figure 33. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes.       87
• Figure 34: Fullerene schematic. 88
• Figure 35. TEM images of Burkholderia seminalis treated with (a, c) buffer (control) and (b, d) 2.0 mg/mL chitosan; (A: additional layer; B: membrane damage).               90
• Figure 36. Antimicrobial peptides.            96
• Figure 37. Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in household and indoor surfaces to 2030, by revenues and types.     103
• Figure 38. Nano-coated self-cleaning touchscreen.           106
• Figure 39: Anti-bacertial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating.           107
• Figure 40. Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in medical and healthcare settings to 2030, by revenues and types.     112
• Figure 41: Omniphobic-coated fabric.     114
• Figure 42. Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in clothing and textiles to 2030, by revenues and types.       121
• Figure 43. Steps during food processing and where contamination might occur from various sources.        124
• Figure 44: Oso fresh food packaging incorporating antimicrobial silver.    124
• Figure 45. Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces in food and beverage production & packaging to 2030, by revenues and types.          126
• Figure 46. Lab tests on DSP coatings.       154
• Figure 47. GrapheneCA anti-bacterial and anti-viral coating.          163
• Figure 48. Microlyte® Matrix bandage for surgical wounds.           169
• Figure 49. Self-cleaning nanocoating applied to face masks.          172
• Figure 50. NanoSeptic surfaces. 193
• Figure 51. NascNanoTechnology personnel shown applying MEDICOAT to airport luggage carts.   198